What Are the Levels in Sumo Wrestling?

Sumo wrestling is more than just a sport in Japan—it’s a living tradition built on hierarchy, respect, and discipline. Every wrestler, known as a rikishi, starts from the bottom and earns his way up through a structured ranking system called the banzuke. These ranks define not only skill but also lifestyle, pay, and honor. Here’s a complete look at the levels in sumo wrestling and what they represent.

The Foundation: Lower Divisions

Every wrestler begins in the lower divisions, where hard work and patience are key to advancement.

Jonokuchi
This is the very first division for new wrestlers entering professional sumo. Competitors here are beginners who are still learning proper technique and adapting to the demanding sumo lifestyle. Success in this level can quickly move a wrestler upward.

Jonidan
In Jonidan, wrestlers have gained some experience and strength. The level of competition increases, and wrestlers begin to show their individual fighting styles and potential.

Sandanme
Sandanme is the midpoint of the lower divisions. By this stage, wrestlers are technically sound and physically stronger. Performance here often indicates who has the potential to climb higher.

Makushita
Makushita is the top of the lower divisions and one of the toughest stages in sumo. Competition is fierce, and many skilled wrestlers spend years here trying to break into the professional upper ranks. Only those who dominate Makushita can move up to the next level.

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The Elite: Upper Divisions

Once a wrestler enters the upper divisions, he earns the title of sekitori—a professional sumo wrestler with salary, privileges, and higher status.

Juryo
Juryo marks the start of professional sumo. Wrestlers in this division receive a salary, have assistants, and enjoy more freedom compared to those in the lower ranks. However, the pressure is intense, as losing too many matches can send a wrestler back down.

Makuuchi
Makuuchi is the top division in sumo and home to the sport’s most famous wrestlers. It consists of five main ranks, each representing a different level of achievement and prestige:

Maegashira – The entry level of Makuuchi, where wrestlers work to prove themselves against top competition.
Komusubi – The start of the elite sanyaku ranks, where wrestlers face the best of the best.
Sekiwake – A highly respected rank that serves as a gateway to higher honors. Consistent success here can lead to promotion.
Ozeki – The champion rank, earned through sustained excellence. Ozeki must maintain strong records to keep their position.
Yokozuna – The grand champion, the highest possible rank in sumo. To become a Yokozuna, a wrestler must not only win titles but also show exceptional dominance, skill, and dignity.

The Journey to the Top

Climbing from the bottom to Yokozuna takes years of training, discipline, and mental toughness. The sumo ranking system ensures that every wrestler earns his place through performance and perseverance.

Sumo’s levels reflect more than just victories—they represent growth, honor, and respect for centuries-old tradition. From Jonokuchi beginners to Yokozuna legends, each rank tells the story of dedication and the unbreakable spirit of sumo.